Barekat Health & Pharmaceutical Group: Mental disorders are recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide, profoundly impacting the individual and societal quality of life for affected individuals. In Iran, driven by ongoing social, economic, and cultural shifts, the incidence of these disorders continues to rise.
According to data from the World Health Organization, nearly one in four people will experience some form of mental illness during their lifetime. In Iran, various factors, such as social and economic pressures, family-centered cultural norms, and limited healthcare resources, may result in an incidence rate higher than the global average.
Advancements in Genetic & Epigenetic Research
Over the past few decades, significant advancements in genetics and epigenetics have enhanced our understanding of mental disorders and their origins. Genetics and epigenetics study, respectively, heredity and changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequences. Both fields play crucial roles in the development and progression of mental illnesses. Recent studies reveal that genetic factors can serve as key risk factors, influencing both the severity and nature of mental health disorders.In addition, epigenetics examines how environmental factors impact gene expression and individual characteristics. Epigenetic modifications can occur due to life experiences, stress, diet, and other environmental factors, potentially shaping individual behavior and responses to mental health challenges. Thus, understanding the genetic and epigenetic dimensions of mental disorders in Iranian populations not only aids in comprehending these disorders but also supports the development of personalized, patient-specific pharmacological interventions.Defining Mental Disorders
Mental disorders encompass conditions that affect an individual’s thinking, emotions, and behavior, often impairing daily functioning and diminishing quality of life. Common mental disorders include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.Types of Mental DisordersDepression: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders, marked by intense feelings of hopelessness and a lack of interest in life. This condition may stem from genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, typically requiring a treatment approach that combines medication with psychotherapy.
Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders, also highly prevalent, are characterized by overwhelming fear and worry. These disorders can arise from genetic variations as well as adverse life experiences.
Bipolar Disorder: This disorder is known for severe mood swings, including depressive episodes. Genetics play a crucial role in its development, and there is also evidence of epigenetic influence.
Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia is among the most severe mental disorders, involving symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive impairments. Often emerging in early adulthood, schizophrenia is strongly linked to genetic factors.
Genetics significantly influences brain structure and function. Research has demonstrated that alterations in specific genes, such as those associated with the dopamine system, can correlate with mental illnesses like depression and mania. Additionally, genetic changes linked to inflammation may contribute to the development of these disorders.
Epigenetic Contributions Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Factors such as chronic stress, nutrition, and pollution can profoundly affect gene expression. For instance, chronic stress can lead to epigenetic modifications in genes associated with emotional regulation.
